Understanding the Basics of Law

Law

Law is a system of rules and regulations that are enforceable by social institutions. These institutions can be governmental or non-governmental, depending on the specific nature of the situation. Common examples of the law are criminal laws, contracts, and property rights. Its purpose is to provide people with legal protection from injustices and violations of the law.

Legal systems differ from one country to another. Some common features of these systems include the use of precedent, a doctrine that the decisions of one court bind other courts; the doctrine of judicial separation, which prevents the courts from becoming politicized; and the concept of common law. The International Court of Justice (ICJ), which was founded in 1946, is a primary dispute settlement organ of the United Nations. In addition, there are many other treaties and documents that are deposited with governments.

Often, lawyers are referred to as legal professionals. Legal practitioners have to undergo a qualifying examination and obtain a degree in law, which is usually a Bachelor of Civil Law. Lawyers also need to become a member of the bar and achieve a special qualification called a Doctor of Law.

Modern lawyers typically work under supervision of a regulating body, such as a government or independent judiciary. Legal practitioners can either represent the state or private individuals in court or through arbitration agreements. Most law programs require a number of core courses that are mandatory for all students. Many law schools offer specialized programs, allowing students to choose more topics. They can also take vocational courses. A few institutions allow students to practice law pro bono, working with real life clients.

There are several forms of law, including nationality law, criminal law, and civil procedure. Each form of law is applicable to a variety of situations, from defending against a crime to a business agreement. For example, nationality law concerns the rights of foreigners to live and work in a nation-state.

Criminal procedure consists of the rules of courts and the procedures involved in a criminal investigation and prosecution. Family law focuses on family rights, such as rights to divorce and marriage, and the rights of children. Land law covers mortgages, rental agreements, covenants, and other matters relating to land. Personal property refers to movable and intangible objects.

Commercial law is a complex area of contract law. Companies are required to have a minimum capital amount and to be subject to corporate tax. Energy, telecomms, and water are also regulated industries.

Law is a defining factor of history and politics. As such, it affects virtually every aspect of life. From business agreements to a sudden illness, an unexpected event may cause a legal question. Depending on the situation, the issue may be straightforward or obscure.

Some common legal issues are employment law, immigration, and consumer rights. Other issues include housing problems, debt, and problems with money. Besides delivering justice, the law also serves as a mediator of social relationships.

The International Law Commission is an organization of 34 members from around the world. This is an independent body that promotes progressive development of international law by preparing drafts on aspects of the law and consulting with UN specialized agencies.